- Ciclosporin or cyclosporine or also cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressive drug.
- It is a natural medicine used through capsules to be drunk orally or by intravenous injection to treat many skin diseases, such as psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, and skin allergies.
- It is also used in the form of eye drops for some diseases of the eyes such as pemphigoid cicatricial.
What is the other trade name for ciclosporin?
- Brand names of cyclosporine are multiple, such as Neoral, Sandimmune, Restasis, and many others.
How does ciclosporin work?
- Ciclosporin works by decreasing lymphocyte function. This is done by blocking the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, which decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines by T cells.
History of ciclosporin
- Cyclosporine was discovered in 1971 and from a fungus whose name is "Tolypocladium inflatum" and entered medical practice only in 1983.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it in the list of essential medicines.
Medical uses of Ciclosporin
- Ciclosporin is indicated in the treatment of several diseases. Among its indications in dermatology, we find:
- Severe forms of psoriasis
- Severe forms of atopic dermatitis
- Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (especially Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita)
- Behcet's disease
- Kimura's disease
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Chronic urticaria
- Acute systemic mastocytosis
Ciclosporin contraindication
- Ciclosporin contraindications are
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Kidney failure
- active infection
- cancer (except basal cell carcinoma)
- Hepatic Insufficiency
- immune deficiency
Side Effects of Ciclosporin
- The side effects of ciclosporin are:
- enlarged gums
- hypertrichosis
- pancreatitis
- confusion and seizures
- fever
- peptic ulcers
- nausea and vomiting
- diarrhea
- increased cholesterol
- dyspnea
- numbness
- tingling, especially on the lips
- Pruritus
- HTA: The increase in blood pressure can cause cardiovascular events; it is therefore recommended to use the lowest effective dose for people requiring long-term treatment.
- Retention of potassium and at most hyperkalemia Disturbance of liver and kidney balance sheets
- Burning sensation in the fingertips
- Increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections.
- Increased blood uric acid levels after kidney transplantation
- Ciclosporin is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen (i.e. there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans), leading specifically to squamous cell skin cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Veterinary use of ciclosporin
Ciclosporin is approved to treat atopic dermatitis in dogs. It is also used to treat sebaceous adenitis, pemphigus foliaceus and anal furunculosis
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